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The Plan of San Diego () was drafted in the small Texas town of San Diego in 1915 by a band of Mexican rebels hoping to overthrow the United States government in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California during the Mexican Revolution. The plan called for the killing of all Anglo men in the Southwestern states, but was exposed before it could be executed. Although there was no uprising in Texas, there were raids into the state from Mexico that began in July 1915. The raids were countered by Texas Rangers and the U.S. Army, as well as local self-defense groups who were suspicious of all Mexican Americans. In total, 30 raids into Texas destroyed large amounts of property and killed 21 Americans.〔 It is not known who was responsible for drafting the Plan of San Diego, but there are theories that Mexican Revolutionary leaders took part in sponsoring the Plan. ==Drafting the Plan== During the Mexican Revolution, the Porfirio Diaz government fought with rebellious factions in the years after 1910. This fighting caused some rebels to flee from the Diaz government to the U.S., especially to Texas. These Mexican dissidents upset the political order of southern Texas and caused the state government to worry over the Mexican majority in south Texas. The Plan of San Diego grew out of this migration and unrest. Declaring the creation of a "Liberating Army of Races and Peoples," the Plan of San Diego called for the recruitment of Mexican nationals, African Americans, and Mexican Americans to rebel against the U.S. The central goal of the plan was to “free” Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Colorado from U.S. control.〔 These states would become an independent republic that in the future could be reunited with Mexico. To the north, rebels hoped to conquer other U.S. states to produce a buffer zone between the United States and Mexico. The appointed start date of the Plan of San Diego was February 20, 1915. It called for the execution of all white American men over the age of sixteen; only the elderly, women, and children would be spared.〔 Also executed would be Mexican American sympathizers who refused to participate in the plan. A notable provision of the Plan required the protection of both African and Native Americans, the latter of whom would be given back their native lands.〔 The Plan of San Diego was penned in San Diego, Texas, but was actually signed by rebels inside a jail cell in Monterrey, Mexico. Although their identities and motivations remain unknown, there is much speculation as to who was responsible. One theory insists that Victoriano Huerta, a leader of a Mexican faction vying for governmental control in the Mexican Revolution, was the mastermind behind the plan. This theory rests on the capture of Huertista Basilio Ramos in Brownsville, Texas, in January 1915. In his possession was a copy of the Plan of San Diego. Under interrogation he admitted to signing the Plan along with eight Huertista cellmates when in jail in Monterrey. A jailer had supposedly smuggled in a copy of the Plan to give to the inmates.〔 Ramos credited the creation of the Plan to another unnamed Huertista who hoped to reconquer the southwestern United States in order to gain domestic support in Mexico for Huerta. Another theory insists that the Mexican government under Venustiano Carranza, who became president of Mexico in 1914, supported the drafting of the Plan of San Diego in order to exploit the tension between Tejanos and white Americans inside southern Texas. While the Plan explicitly stated that there would be no aid from the Mexican government, this proved false as the Carranza government was crucial in keeping the Plan in action.〔 Some believe that Carranza wanted to exacerbate conflict between Americans and Mexicans in Texas in order to force the United States into recognizing him as the true leader of Mexico. On February 20, when the Plan was supposed to be enacted, rebel leaders instead revised the plan to focus solely on the liberation of Texas, which would become a base for advancing the revolution throughout the southwestern United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plan of San Diego」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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